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The official name India is derived
from Sindhu, the historic
local appellation for the river Indus and is the most
internationally recognizable of the country. The Constitution of
India and general usage also recognizes Bharat as
the other official name of equal status. Bharat comes from the
name of an ancient Hindu king and means
seeker of knowledge. The third
name is Hindustan, meaning
land of the Hindus (where
Hindu means one who dwells in Indus)
used from the Mughal times onwards. It is unevenly used across the
country today due to differing views of its appropriateness as a
national signifier. The Republic of India is a democratic
republic. It is a Union of states within a federal structure. The
head of state is the President and has a largely ceremonial role.
The President and Vice-President are elected indirectly through an
electoral college for 5 year terms. |
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The Prime Minister wields the executive power. He or she is
assisted by the Council of Ministers (The cabinet) whom the
Prime Minister appoints. All ministers are sworn in by the
President. The Prime Minister is designated by legislators
of the political party or coalition commanding a
parliamentary majority. The President then appoints
subordinate ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister.
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India's bicameral parliament consists of the upper house
called 'The Council of States' (Rajya
Sabha) and the lower house called 'The House of the
People' (Lok Sabha). The
Rajya Sabha consists of
incumbents elected through an electoral college whereas the
Lok Sabha consists of
directly elected representatives. India shares its borders
with Pakistan, China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and
Afghanistan. Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia are the
neighboring island nations in the Indian Ocean. |
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India
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